http://hdl.handle.net/11671/632 2021-05-04T20:32:37Z http://hdl.handle.net/11671/834 Leadership Change at LVBC Lake Victoria Basin Commission During the period April-June 2011, we bid farewell to the former Executive Secretary of the Lake Victoria Basin Commission (LVBC) Dr. Tom Okurut and welcomed Dr. Canisius Kanangire who commenced his fi ve-year tenure of duty in June 2011. In this issue, Dr. Kanangire summarises his vision to scale-up the Commission’s achievements during the next fi ve years. One of the biggest achievements during the last quarter was the signing of the Grant Protocol of Agreement between the East African Community (EAC) and the African Development Bank (AfDB) as well as the subsequent signing of Subsidiary Grant Transfer Agreements between the EAC Secretariat and each of the fi ve Partner States to commence the implementation of the physical infrastructural works for the Lake Victoria Water Supply and Sanitation (LVWATSAN) Programme Phase II. The details of this landmark project are part and parcel of this Issue 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11671/833 Invest in Lake Victoria Basin Lake Victoria Basin Commission The Lake Victoria Basin Commission, an institution of the East African Community, is playing an increased role as a coordinator of the sustainable development agenda of the Lake Victoria Basin. Although the Commission receives substantial regional and international media coverage, there has been a gap between its accomplishments and what is known by its stakeholders. After the inaugural issue, we shall embark on publishing the newsletter on a quarterly basis. This inaugural issue of the Lake Victoria Basin Digest will give you an opportunity to read a message from the Executive Secretary, Dr. Tom O. Okurut, about the rationale behind publishing this newsletter and what we hope to achieve through this process. As part of the September 2010 World Water Week events in Stockholm, Sweden, the Commission organised a successful seminar under the theme: “Management of Transboundary Water Resources – the case of Lake Victoria Basin”. Our lead story highlights the thematic areas that were discussed and analysed at the seminar as well as some of the participants’ recommendations. The Secretary General of the East African Community, Ambassador Juma V. Mwapachu, made two landmark visits to the Lake Victoria Basin during the second and third quarters of this year to farmiliarise himself with the ongoing projects and programmes of the Commission. In this issue, we bring to your attention the Secretary General’s two visits; the fi rst one in the Mwanza region of Tanzania and the second on the Kenyan side of the Basin. Other important stories in this issue include the successful completion of the appraisal mission for the Lake Victoria Water and Sanitation Project; the kick-off of the Transboundary Water for Biodiversity and Human Health in the Mara River Basin Project (TWBMRB); the launching of the Commission’s research vessel, RV Jumuiya and commentaries by our specialists on topical developments at the Commission. 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11671/832 Atmospheric concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in the northern Lake Victoria watershed Wejuli, MS; Hecky, RE; Magunda, MK; Fellin, P Organochlorine pesticides are still in use for agricultural purposes and for the control of mosquitoes in the Eastern African region. Atmospheric concentrations of organochlorine pesticides are expected to be higher in the tropics compared to temperate regions due to prevailing high temperatures. However, no study has been conducted to investigate atmospheric transport and deposition of pesticides in this region. In this study atmospheric concentration of organochlorine pesticides in air were determined at Kakira near Jinja from November 1999 to-date. Their ranges were as follows: DDT (total) 64.8-610.9 pg/m3, dieldrin 23.6-90.8 pg/m3, a-endosulfan 32.5-206.1 pg/m3, lindane (g-HCH) 20.3-183.6 pg/m3 while chlordane, heptachlor and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) ranged from <0.1-10.1 pg/m3. The insecticide p,p’-DDT was the predominating DDT isomer ranging from 22.6-390.1 pg/m3. However, o,p’-DDT isomer was frequently detected (11.2-62.8 pg/m3) and its metabolite p,p’-DDE was relatively high ranging from 29.9-109.9 pg/m3. The most predominate organochlorine pesticides in decreasing average concentration levels were DDT (total), a-endosulfan, lindane (g-HCH), p,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDE, dieldrin and o,p’-DDT. Average levels of p,p’-DDT and p,p’-DDE at Kakira were lower than those reported for Brazzaville but higher than those reported for Lake Baikal and Southern Ontario while a- HCH, g-HCH, total chlordane and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) concentrations for Kakira were lower than those reported for Brazaville, Lake Baikal, Southern Ontaria, Arctic and Antarctic. In comparison with data from Senga Bay, Lake Malawi in Malawi, average DDT (total), p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDT, o,p’- DDT, lindane (g-HCH) and SHCH levels were higher whereas average dieldrin, a-HCH, chlordane and HCB levels were lower. The presence of these chemicals in air at Kakira is most likely due to both local and regional inputs. 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11671/831 Study on Water quality & human health Around Lake Victoria Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project (LVEMP) Much has been achieved during LVEMP1 in terms of the countries’ understanding of the Lake Victoria ecosystem, but still there is a limited knowledge of the water quality in various parts (particularly bays) of the Lake and its relationship with human health in the area. The direct or indirect measures for improving the livelihood of the inhabitants living in the Lake Region are key goals of LVEMP2 and beyond. It was therefore important to get an overview of what is known about the relationship water quality - human health, and “to review the relationship between water quality and human health in the Lake region and the effects that various mitigation measures may have. The Consultant decided to make the Study as practical as possible, because the findings should hopefully lead to useful input for the planning of LVEMP2 activities to be more focused as regards the study aspects. The Study was thus not meant to be a scientific research or theoretical exercise, but rather trying to establish the water quality/human health relationship based on available data on which aspects seem to have the largest impact. The Study had a dual approach: a quantitative one (statistics and data for the last five years) and a qualitative one (interviews with stakeholders, field observations, etc.), focussing on the following waterborne/-related diseases: diarrhoea, dysentery, typhoid, cholera, schistosomiasis (bilharzia), intestinal worms and skin infections. The water quality data from the lake largely came from LVEMP1 analysis, with relatively good data basis in Tanzania. In Kenya, however, such data were scanted and in Uganda virtually non-existent from the study areas. 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11671/829 Opportunities Unveiled Lake Victoria Basin Commission 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11671/828 CERTIFICATE OF SEAWORTHINESS Lake Victoria Basin Commission 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11671/827 The total economic value of Maasai Mau, Trans Mara and Eastern Mau forest blocks, of the Mau forest, Kenya Lake Victoria Basin Commission The Mau Forest Complex is the largest closed‐canopy forest ecosystem in Kenya comprising different forest blocks under different management regimes. The study covered three of the Mau Forest Complex blocks, i.e. Eastern Mau, Maasai Mau and Trans Mara. Of the three blocks, the Maasai Mau Forest is a trust land managed by the Narok County Council, and the other two are gazetted forests managed by the Kenya Forest Service (KFS) on behalf of the central government and they form the main catchment for the Mara River. The Mara River is the lifeline to a complex mosaic of ecological and economic systems that cut across its entire basin. The Mara River is a transboundary resource that serves key conservation areas both in Kenya and in Tanzania. Apart from serving the world famous Mara and Serengeti wildlife sanctuaries, the Mara River Basin provides critical ecological services in form of water storage; river flow regulation; flood mitigation; recharge of groundwater; reduced soil erosion and siltation; water purification; conservation of biodiversity; and microclimate regulation. The Mara River Basin and associated forests support key economic sectors such as energy, tourism, agriculture, industry and urban sanitation. The upper catchment also hosts the last group of hunter-gatherer forest dwelling communities, the Ogiek, and supports the livelihoods of communities living adjacent to forests through provision of material goods such as food; wood fuel; fodder; and building materials. The basin also generates global public goods/services such as wildlife conservation, carbon sequestration and biodiversity. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11671/826 Zooplankton communities of some tanzanian lake victoria basin water bodies Waya, RK A survey of the zooplankton communities of some Tanzanian Lake Victoria Basin water bodies was conducted during September/October 2000 and March/April 2001. Plankton nets of mesh sizes 100 mm and 65 mm respectively were used to collect qualitative zooplankton samples from the water bodies on two occasions September/October 2000 and March/April 2001. The samples of zooplankton collected were made up to twenty taxa of rotifers and thirteen crustaceans. The most frequently encountered rotifers were Asplanchna spp., Brachionus angularis, Brachionus caudatus, Brachionus calyciflorus, Brachionus patulus, Keratella cochlearis, Keratella tropica, Keratella quadrata, Lecane bulla, and Synchaeta spp. The most common crustaceans were Thermocyclops emini, Thermocyclops neglectus and Diaphanosoma excisum. In terms of numerical abundance, Kyarano Dam contributed the highest density. In September/October 2000, when the mean total number was 179,689 m-2. In March/April 2001 the highest density of 479,015 m-2 was observed in Lake Ikimba. The structure and composition trends of zooplankton in the surveyed water bodies may be related to both intensity of predation and limitation by environmental factors, which may include the nature of the water bodies, and food quality and quantity. 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11671/825 Water Hyacinth Infestation in Ponds and Satellite Lakes in the Lake Victoria Basin on Tanzania: Status and Efforts to Manage it. Ndunguru, J; Mjema, P; Rajabu, CA; Katagira, F A survey was conducted in ponds and satellite lakes in the lake Victoria basin in March 2000 to ascertain the presence of water hyacinth and its effect to the communities and the environment. Out of 14 (12 ponds and 2 satellite lakes) surveyed, water hyacinth was found in 11 ponds (i.e. 91.7% of ponds) and there was no water hyacinth in the satellite lakes under study. The highest (31.5 ha) infestation was recorded at Ngulyati pond in Bariadi, Shinyanga followed by Bukabwa (8 ha). No water hyacinth was found at Sarawe pond, Itabagumba and Buswahili satellite lakes. Plant population varied significantly (P< 0.001) with the highest (196 plants/0.25m2) recorded at Bukabwa and the lowest (21/0.25m2) at Bunda ponds. The immediate effect of the water hyacinth infestation in the ponds included difficulty in accessing water for domestic use owing to the extensive water hyacinth mats and loss of water through evapotranspiration. In the efforts to control the weed, water hyacinth weevils’ Neochetina eichhorniae and N. bruchi were released in 7 of them (9,600 adult weevils in 5 ponds at Mwanza Prison Center and 44,000 and 52,600 at Bukabwa and Ngulyati ponds respectively) which have established and multiplied to a level of up to 8 weevils per plant causing feeding scars of 38.65 on average at Ngulyati. Weed population decreased significantly (P<0.05) owing to the insect-induced stress. Other dominant aquatic weed species found growing in the ponds included Ceratophylum dermesum, Pistia stateotes, Rapa natas and Brasenia SP at Buswahili Satellite Lake and Cyperus spp and Justicia spp in the rest of the ponds and Satellite Lake. The presence of water hyacinth in the ponds and satellite lakes has partly contributed to water hyacinth regrowth (resurgence) in lake Victoria and other water bodies in the lake basin. Therefore management strategies of water hyacinth in Lake Victoria should also include ponds and satellite lakes. 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11671/824 Variation of flow of water from Rivers Nzoia, Yala and Sio into Lake Victoria Sangale, Felix; Okungu, John; Opango, Peterlis The continuous collection of both hydrological and Meteorological data has been a problem in most areas of the world. Therefore, such data normally have gaps in the time series. For proper water quality management of any river or lake basin there must be a basis for quantification of pollution loads transported in the water. This is only possible if discharge data is known for the duration of study. In order to fill gaps existing in such data, a modelling approach can be employed to generate the missing data. An appropriate model must therefore be used in such cases. The changes in discharge depend on precipitation but can also be heavily influenced by various activities in the catchment. Estimation of flow for rivers Sio, Nzoia and Yala draining the northern catchment of the Kenyan basin of Lake Victoria was carried out for a 50-year period. This study used the NAM hydrological model in order to fill in the missing data for a time series and estimate the flow. In order to generate initial continuous rainfall data for a minimum of 5 years, employing a double mass curve technique using the data measured at different stations did a correlation. Lake level (stage) was used to estimate rainfall for the gaps after the correlation. Continuous data for 50 years from 1950 to 2000 was finally generated and used for the calculation of discharge for the three rivers. The variation in discharge for the 50 years period was therefore evaluated. The average discharge results showed that Nzoia had a discharge of 118 m3/s; Sio 12.1 m3/s and Yala had 27.4 m3/s. There was a general increase in flow over the years contributing to the water balance of the lake and also pointing to increase in rainfall run-off possibly resulting from degradation of the catchment 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z